ASEAS 10(1) features a focus on the interplay of gender, ethnicity, and environmental transformations in Indonesia and beyond. The articles share the general assumption that political and economic decisions always have ecological impacts and that societies have always transformed, (re-)produced, manufactured, and crafted nature along multiple lines of differentiation. The special issue brings together an interdisciplinary collection of conflicts, alliances, and strategies regarding natural resources along ethnic and gendered lines. The contributions range from the analysis of the intertwinement of gender and ethnicity in Indonesia’s mining sector, gender-specific environmental transformations among the indigenous Dayak Benuaq in Kalimantan, the impacts of indigenous land titling in a controversial national park case in Sumatra, the contradictions of an indigenous disaster risk management system in the Philippines, or the challenges of transdisciplinary cooperation between farmers and scientists to deal with environmental transformations in Indonesia. The articles highlight that gender, ethnicity, and other categories of differentiation are important in unfolding complex environmental transformations in Indonesia and beyond. Thereby, they also show the challenge of empowering marginalized groups (e.g., indigenous peoples, farmers, and women) without creating new exclusions.